My friend Laura who, incidentally, has a very interesting blog called [ gray Painting ] asked about the use of commas, semicolons, periods, etc. I'm no expert on this subject, but I researched in some books and manuals, is rather extensive, especially regarding the use of the comma, for this reason will divide it into several sections.
is good to know that a most important factor in good writing, is the score, because with this we give adequate breaks to separate an idea from another or to indicate the emphasis that we normally do when speaking, ie a poorly punctuated text can incomprehensible to the reader, so that the correct punctuation is a necessity in any kind of writing.
The punctuation marks are:
THE COMA.
- is a punctuation mark that separates grammatically equivalent members within the same sentence, ie: verbs, nouns, adjectives, pronouns or adverbs. When there is an enumeration, the last two words are joined by the conjunctions and, and, no, o, u.
Examples:
I like mango, apple, melon and watermelon.
not want to do your homework, do not want to eat or leave the house.
prefer to read, play with you or listen to music.
- However, coma and conjunctions are not necessarily incompatible:
- Used conjunction eat more when it comes to define and unite two series that appear together in the text. Examples: buy
dishes glasses, and blankets, sheets and blankets.
Series 1: elements of a "dish"
Series 2: Elements of "bedding"
Miguel knows Puerto Rico, Chile and Uruguay, and plan to go to Brazil, Argentina and Mexico.
Series 1: Countries that "knows" Miguel.
Series 2: countries' plans to go "to visit.
- Place a comma before a conjunction when the sequence that expresses a content heading straight, time, etc., Other than the element or elements. Example:
tested the pozole, went to Garibaldi, and were delighted.
- When a conjunction is designed to bind an idea with all the previous proposition, not the last of its members. Example:
tasted the cheese, cream and sausage, and left without paying. - Intercala different types of clauses, ie fragments containing additional information and therefore can be deleted without affecting the sequence of prayer.
Examples:
Mr. Abarca, as mentioned above, has been ill.
Young, who traveled on the subway, they were late.
Gabriela, frankly, a very nice person.
- Separate sentences or short phrases.
Examples:
At ten o'clock every day, invariably, the man leaves his home, cell phone in hand.
of very small, when his father sat on his knees, he worried to hear the beating of his heart, by the memory of infinite sadness.
- coma also writes:
- Before vocative, ie the word or words used to go directly to a person or to call someone. Examples:
I'm talking about, John.
Come away, Jose.
- When the vocative goes through prayer. Examples:
I'm very sorry, Thely, for your car.
Tell me, Katie, when you get to Guanajuato.
- After vocative. Examples:
Laura, you call your sister.
Mayra, thanks for dinner. - The comma separates following expressions: that is, that is, finally, finally, therefore, however, nevertheless, also in this case, therefore, in contrast, first and so on.
Examples:
Therefore, we are on the verge of bankruptcy.
However, try to unite us.
Anyway, what else I can say. - Typically, type comma before a conjunction or conjunctive phrase that connects the propositions of a compound sentence:
- In coordinated statements introduced by the adversative conjunctions but, again, but, but. Examples:
can use the car, but do not go on strike.
There are too many pharmacies, but all away from here.
- is prepended to use consecutive sentences: so, so, so. Examples:
said you would buy me the shirt of Team America, so you can go and taking your savings.
Today I will leave work early, so you'll stop by for a movie
- In front of the logical and causal explanatory propositions. Examples:
is high, because his dad is too.
feel heat because the day has the fan on.
Important Notes:
- should not be placed comma between subject and verb, if there is no point:
Mayrita become an excellent mum.
Mayrita, if continues, will become an excellent mum.
- No comma should be placed between the verb and its supplements if they follow a linear order or if you do not see any point:
Pedro left notes to his companions.
Pedro left, as well You know, the notes to their classmates.
- should not be placed comma after the word but when it goes before an interrogative sentence:
But what is graphology?
I know it's too late, but could talk a bit longer?
- Commas can produce a special case of double interpretation to sentences that involve certain relative pronouns:
Students who had traveled by train
arrived late (only a group of students had traveled by train and these were those who arrived late, the other students used other means of transport and not be late)
The students, who had traveled by train, arrived late.
(All students had traveled by train and, therefore, all came later)
A misplaced comma or, worse, not placed, you can change the sense of what we write . Let these two examples and understand the need for using this punctuation mark:
-------------------------------- ------------
"The teacher says the inspector, is an ass"
"The teacher says the inspector is a donkey"
---------
----------------------------------- A Emperor he went on to sign a statement which read:
"Pardon impossible, to serve his sentence."
Al monarch earned her magnanimity and, before signing it, move the decimal point site:
"Sorry, can not serve his sentence."
And so, a comma changed the fate of some unfortunate ... ---------------------------------------------
PD Surely there are more rules for the comma, I tried to summarize the most used, however, if any of you find something different, please attach it in a comment and I'll be adding to their respective reference.
Greetings!
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